Ethiopia recently announced that it has more than doubled its electricity production from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile. The controversial mega-dam has been a source of tensions with downstream nations Egypt and Sudan. With two more turbines starting operations, the GERD is now generating 1,550 megawatts of electricity. This development marks a significant milestone for Ethiopia’s energy sector.
Completion of Construction Phase
According to the GERD, the overall progress of the dam has now transitioned from the construction phase to the operation phase. The concrete dam is now complete, and the two newly operational turbines, each generating 400MW, have joined the existing two turbines generating 375MW each. This totals an output of 1,550MW. Additionally, the dam’s spillways are releasing an extra 2,800 cubic meters of water to the downstream countries, further showcasing the dam’s functionality.
The GERD, with a total capacity of 74 billion cubic meters of water, has been at the center of a regional dispute since Ethiopia began the project in 2011. Egypt and Sudan have raised concerns about the dam’s operation without a three-way agreement, citing potential threats to their access to vital Nile waters. Egypt, heavily reliant on the Nile for 97 percent of its water needs, sees the dam as an existential threat, especially considering its severe water scarcity issues. Sudan’s position, amid internal conflicts, has fluctuated in recent years.
Ethiopia views the GERD as essential for the electrification and development of the country, aiming to address the electricity deficit that still affects approximately half of its 120 million population. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized the role of the GERD in managing water flow, mitigating flood risks, and ensuring a steady water supply to downstream nations, particularly during droughts. The completion of the dam’s construction and the increase in electricity production mark significant progress towards achieving these goals.
In April, the World Bank announced a plan to assist Ethiopia in expanding its electricity network and diversifying into other clean energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. While these efforts are aimed at addressing the electricity deficit and improving access to energy, challenges persist in alleviating poverty and enhancing socio-economic opportunities for the population. The World Bank’s involvement reflects a commitment to supporting Ethiopia’s energy sector development and sustainability initiatives.
The doubling of electricity production from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam represents a significant achievement for Ethiopia’s energy sector. Despite ongoing regional tensions and concerns, the completion of the dam’s construction and the operation of additional turbines signal progress towards addressing the country’s electricity deficit and driving socio-economic development. With continued support from international partners like the World Bank, Ethiopia is poised to further enhance its energy infrastructure and transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system.